| ASJPcode |
Description |
IPA
|
| i |
high front vowel, rounded and unrounded |
i, ɪ, y, ʏ
|
| e |
mid front vowel, rounded and unrounded |
e, ø
|
| E |
low front vowel, rounded and unrounded |
a, æ, ɛ, ɶ, œ
|
| 3 |
high and mid central vowel, rounded and unrounded |
ɨ, ɘ, ə, ɜ, ʉ, ɵ, ɞ
|
| a |
low central vowel, unrounded |
ɐ
|
| u |
high back vowel, rounded and unrounded |
ɯ, u
|
| o |
mid and low back vowel, rounded and unrounded |
ɤ, ʌ, ɑ, o, ɔ, ɒ
|
| p |
voiceless bilabial stop and fricative |
p, ɸ
|
| b |
voiced bilabial stop and fricative |
b, β
|
| m |
bilabial nasal |
m
|
| f |
voiceless labiodental fricative |
f
|
| v |
voiced labiodental fricative |
v
|
| 8 |
voiceless and voiced dental fricative |
θ, ð
|
| 4 |
dental nasal |
n̪
|
| t |
voiceless alveolar stop |
t
|
| d |
voiced alveolar stop |
d
|
| s |
voiceless alveolar fricative |
s
|
| z |
voiced alveolar fricative |
z
|
| c |
voiceless and voiced alveolar affricate |
ts, dz
|
| n |
voiceless and voiced alveolar nasal |
n
|
| S |
voiceless postalveolar fricative |
ʃ
|
| Z |
voiced postalveolar fricative |
ʒ
|
| C |
voiceless palato-alveolar affricate |
tʃ
|
| j |
voiced palato-alveolar affricate |
dʒ
|
| T |
voiceless and voiced palatal stop |
c, ɟ
|
| 5 |
palatal nasal |
ɲ
|
| k |
voiceless velar stop |
k
|
| g |
voiced velar stop |
g
|
| x |
voiceless and voiced velar fricative |
x, ɣ
|
| N |
velar nasal |
ŋ
|
| q |
voiceless uvular stop |
q
|
| G |
voiced uvular stop |
G
|
| X |
voiceless and voiced uvular fricative, voiceless and voiced pharyngeal fricative |
χ, ʁ, ħ, ʕ
|
| 7 |
voiceless glottal stop |
ʔ
|
| h |
voiceless and voiced glottal fricative |
h, ɦ
|
| l |
voiced alveolar lateral approximate |
l
|
| L |
all other laterals |
ʟ, ɭ, ʎ
|
| w |
voiced bilabial-velar approximant |
w
|
| y |
palatal approximant |
j
|
| r |
voiced apico-alveolar trill and all varieties of “r-sounds” |
r, R, etc.
|
| ! |
all varieties of “click-sounds” |
ǃ, ǀ, ǁ, ǂ
|