Interskript: Difference between revisions

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https://interlinguist.info/interskript/
==Overview==
==Overview==
Interskript includes a bijective mapping of 26 internationally most common letters to 26 common phones.  
Interskript includes a bijective mapping of 26 internationally most common letters to 26 common phones which in [[IPA]] are represented by a single character.  


The mapping allows for a relatively easy pronunciation of internationally established scientific names for chemical elements (e.g. Yttrium) and taxons (e.g. Moschidae). It can be used to create a language independent way of writing personal names (e.g. Pjotr Iljitc Tcaikovski) and place names (e.g. Tcomolungma).
The mapping allows for a
# common pronunciation of internationally established written forms of scientific names for  
## chemical elements (e.g. Yttrium)  
## taxons (e.g. Moschidae)
# common spelling of internationally established broadly similar pronunciations of names for
## persons (e.g. Pjotr Iljitc Tcajkovskij, Dqusepe Fortunino Frantcesko Verdi, Johan Zebastjan Bax)  
## places (e.g. Tcomolungma, Tcile, Canghai).


==Specification==
==Specification==
Line 44: Line 51:
| colspan="2" |  
| colspan="2" |  
| colspan="2" |  
| colspan="2" |  
| colspan="2" |  
| ||  
| colspan="2" |  
| colspan="2" |  
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
Line 60: Line 67:
| f || v
| f || v
| s || z
| s || z
| style="background-color:#f99" | ʃ || style="background-color:#f99" | ʒ
| style="background-color:#fcc" | /ʃ/ ‹c› || style="background-color:#fcc" | /ʒ/ ‹q›
| colspan="2" |  
| colspan="2" |  
| x ||  
| x ||  
| || h
| h ||  
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="text-align:left;"| [[trill consonant|Trill]]
! style="text-align:left;"| [[trill consonant|Trill]]
Line 112: Line 119:
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| e||
| e||
| style="background-color:#f99" | ə ||
| style="background-color:#fcc" | /ə/ ‹y› ||
| ||o
| ||o
|-
|-
! [[open vowel|Open]]
! [[open vowel|Open]]
| ||
| a||
| a||
| ||
| ||
| ||
|-
|-
| colspan=7 style="font-size:90%; text-align:left"|
| colspan=7 style="font-size:90%; text-align:left"|
*subcolumns: first is unrounded, second is rounded
*subcolumns: first is unrounded, second is rounded
*cells: characters as in IPA; those that have a non-ASCII character are marked red
|}
|}


Line 129: Line 137:
To have a bijective mapping only one set - uppercase or lowercase - has to be used.
To have a bijective mapping only one set - uppercase or lowercase - has to be used.


{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
{{:Interskript/character phoneme mapping table}}
|+Character-phoneme mapping table
! System
! colspan=26 | Characters
|-
! IPA 
| a || b
| style="background-color:#f99" | ʃ || d || e || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || m || n || o || p
| style="background-color:#f99" | ʒ || r || s || t || u || v || w || x
| style="background-color:#f99" | ə || z
|-
!  style="width:5%" |Interskript (lowercase)
| style="width:1%" | a || style="width:1%" |b || style="width:1%" |c || style="width:1%" |d || style="width:1%" |e || style="width:1%" |f || style="width:1%" |g || style="width:1%" |h || style="width:1%" |i || style="width:1%" |j || style="width:1%" |k || style="width:1%" |l || style="width:1%" |m || style="width:1%" |n || style="width:1%" |o || style="width:1%" |p || style="width:1%" |q || style="width:1%" |r || style="width:1%" |s || style="width:1%" |t || style="width:1%" |u || style="width:1%" |v || style="width:1%" |w || style="width:1%" |x || style="width:1%" |y || style="width:1%" |z
|-
! Interskript (uppercase)
| A || B || C || D || E || F || G || H || I || J || K || L || M || N || O || P || Q || R || S || T || U || V || W || X || Y || Z
|}


==Transformation==
====Short notation====
===Short notation===
Since Interskript in regular form does not use diacritic signs the latter can be used to record vowels above consonants.
Since Interskript does not use diacritic signs the latter can be used to record vowels on consonants.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|+
! Letter
! Letter
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! Name of diacritic
! Name of diacritic
|-
|-
| a || ^ || ||circumflex accent
| a || ◌̂ || U+0302 || COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
|-
|-
| e || ´ || ||acute accent
| e || ◌́ || U+0301 ||COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
|-
|-
| i || ◌̇  || || combining dot above
| i || ◌̇ || U+0307 || COMBINING DOT ABOVE
|-
|-
| o || ◌̊  || U+030A || COMBINING RING ABOVE
| o || ◌̊ || U+030A || COMBINING RING ABOVE
|-
|-
| u || ˇ || ||caron, breve
| u || ◌̌ || U+030C || COMBINING CARON
|-
|-
| y || ` || ||grave accent
| y || ◌̀ || U+0300 || COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
|}
|}
==Transformation==


===Character set specific===
===Character set specific===
Line 175: Line 168:
| System  || ISO 15924<br>(alphabetic) || ISO 15924<br>(numeric) || ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
| System  || ISO 15924<br>(alphabetic) || ISO 15924<br>(numeric) || ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
|-
| IPA  || Latn || 215 || a || b || ʃ || d || e || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || m || n || o || p || ʒ || r || s || t || u || v || w || x || y || z ||  
| IPA  || Latn || 215 || a || b || ʃ || d || e || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || m || n || o || p || ʒ || r || s || t || u || v || w || x || ə || z ||  


|-
|-
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|-
|-
| Interskript || Hebr || 125 || א || בּ || ש || ד || - || פ || ג || ה || - || י || כּ || ל || מ || נ || - || פּ || - || ר || ס || תּ || - || ב || ו || כ || - || - ||  
| Interskript || Hebr || 125 || א || בּ || ש || ד || - || פ || ג || ה || - || י || כּ || ל || מ || נ || - || פּ || - || ר || ס || תּ || - || ב || ו || כ || - || - ||  
|-
| Interskript || Shaw || 281 || a || 𐑚 || 𐑖 || 𐑛 || e || 𐑓 || 𐑜 || 𐑣 || i || 𐑘 || 𐑒 || 𐑤 || 𐑥 || 𐑯 || o || 𐑐 || 𐑠 || 𐑮 || 𐑕 || 𐑑 || u || 𐑝 || 𐑢 || 𐑙 || 𐑩 || 𐑟 || to do :  a e i o u; ! 𐑙 is not ng
|-
| Interskript  || Hang || 286 || ㅏ || ㅂ || c || ㄷ || ㅓ || f || ㄱ || ㅎ || ㅣ || - || ㅋ || ㄹ || ㅁ || ㄴ || ㅗ || ㅍ || q || - || ㅅ || ㅌ || ㅜ ||- || - || - || ㅡ || ㅿ ||
|}
|}


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! Color
! Color
! Character set
! Character set
! Character pronunciation in IPA and Interskript
! Character pronunciation in IPA
! Character pronunciation in Interskript
! Character set of IPA charactor for the phoneme
! Phoneme
! Phoneme
|-
|-
| style="background-color:#fcc" |
| style="background-color:#fcc" |
| not "Basic Latin"
| not "Basic Latin"
|
|
|
|  
|  
|
|-
|-
| style="background-color:#fdb" |
| style="background-color:#fdb" |
| "Basic Latin"
| "Basic Latin"
| different
| different
| IPA and Interskript character for the phoneme is
| different
* "Basic Latin" OR  
|
* is not "Basic Latin" and the IPA and Interskript pronunciation of the character(s) is not used as a phoneme
*"Basic Latin" or
*not "Basic Latin"
|
* "Basic Latin" and the IPA and Interskript pronunciation of the character(s) is used as a phoneme OR  
* not "Basic Latin" and the IPA and Interskript pronunciation of the character(s) is not used as a phoneme
|-
|-
| style="background-color:#ff9" |
| style="background-color:#ff9" |
| "Basic Latin"  
| "Basic Latin"  
| different
| different
| IPA character for the phoneme is not "Basic Latin", the IPA and Interskript pronunciation of the character is not used as a phoneme
| different
| not "Basic Latin"
| the IPA pronunciation of the character is not used as a phoneme, pronouncing as in IPA would distinguish it from all other used phonemes
|-
|-
| style="background-color:#cfc" |
| style="background-color:#cfc" |
| "Basic Latin"  
| "Basic Latin"  
| IPA pronunciaiton is different
| different
| not in Interskript, the IPA character not "Basic Latin", but pronouncing as in Interskript would still distinguish it from all other used phonemes
| same
| not "Basic Latin"
| the IPA pronunciation of the character is not used as a phoneme, pronouncing as in IPA would distinguish it from all other used phonemes
|-
|-
| style="background-color:#ccc" |
| style="background-color:#ccc" |
| none
| none
| none
| none
| none
| none
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|-
|-
|  
|  
| "Basic Latin"  
| "Basic Latin"
| same
| same
| same
| "Basic Latin"
|
|
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center"
{{:Interskript/transcription table}}
|+Transcription table
! System
! colspan=26 | Characters
! Interskript<br>characters<br>not used
! Interskript<br>phonems<br>not coded
! colspan=4 | Affricate<br>approximation
! Other
! Comment
|-
| IPA  || a || b
| style="background-color:#fcc" | ʃ || d || e || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || m || n || o || p
| style="background-color:#fcc" | ʒ || r || s || t || u || v || w || x
| style="background-color:#fcc" | ə || z 
| c,q
| -
| t͡s || d͡z || style="background-color:#fcc" | t͡ʃ || style="background-color:#fcc" | d͡ʒ
| ks
|
|-
| Interskript || a || b
| style="background-color:#cfc" | c || d || e || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || m || n || o || p
| style="background-color:#cfc" | q || r || s || t || u || v || w || x
| style="background-color:#cfc" | y || z
| -
| -
| ts || dz || tc || dq
| ks
|
|-
| jbo || a || b
| style="background-color:#cfc" | c || d || e || f || g
| style="background-color:#ccc" | - || i
| style="background-color:#ccc" | - || k || l || m || n || o || p
| style="background-color:#ff9" | j || r || s || t || u || v
| style="background-color:#ccc" | - || x
| style="background-color:#cfc" | y || z
| h,q,w || h,j,w(,y)
| || || ||
| ks
| y = /ə/
|-
| lfn || a || b
| style="background-color:#ff9" | x || d || e || f || g
| style="background-color:#ccc" | - || i
| style="background-color:#ccc" | -
| style="background-color:#fdb" | c || l || m || n || o || p
| style="background-color:#ff9" | j || r || s || t || u || v
| style="background-color:#ccc" | -
| style="background-color:#ccc" | -
| style="background-color:#ccc" | - || z
| k,q,w,y
| j,w,x,y
| ts || 
| tx ||
| ks
|
|-
| epo || a || b
| style="background-color:#fcc" | ŝ || d || e || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || m || n || o || p
| style="background-color:#fcc" | ĵ || r || s || t || u || v
| style="background-color:#fcc" | ŭ
| style="background-color:#fcc" | ĥ
| style="background-color:#ccc" | - || z
| q,x,y,w
| y
| c || -
| style="background-color:#fcc" | ĉ
| style="background-color:#fcc" | ĝ
| ks
|
|-
| nov || a || b
| style="background-color:#fdb" | sh, (ch) || d || e || f || g || h || i
| style="background-color:#fdb" | y
| style="background-color:#fdb" | k,q,(c) || l || m || n || o || p
| style="background-color:#fdb" | j || r
| style="background-color:#fdb" | (s),(c) || t || u,(w) || v,(w)
| style="background-color:#fdb" | (w)
| style="background-color:#ccc" | -
| style="background-color:#ccc" | - 
| style="background-color:#fdb" | (s)
| w,y
| w,x,y,(z)
| ts || -
| ch, tsh ||
| x
| qu = /kw, kv, ku/; w = /w, u, v/
|-
| ido || a || b
| style="background-color:#ccc" | - || d || e || f || g || h || i
| style="background-color:#fdb" | y
| style="background-color:#fdb" | k,q || l || m || n || o || p
| style="background-color:#fdb" | j || r || s || t || u || v || w
| style="background-color:#ccc" | -
| style="background-color:#ccc" | - || z
| -
| c,x,y
| c || -
|  ||
| x
| x = /ks, ɡz/
|}

Latest revision as of 2017-07-12T15:15:10

https://interlinguist.info/interskript/

Overview

Interskript includes a bijective mapping of 26 internationally most common letters to 26 common phones which in IPA are represented by a single character.

The mapping allows for a

  1. common pronunciation of internationally established written forms of scientific names for
    1. chemical elements (e.g. Yttrium)
    2. taxons (e.g. Moschidae)
  2. common spelling of internationally established broadly similar pronunciations of names for
    1. persons (e.g. Pjotr Iljitc Tcajkovskij, Dqusepe Fortunino Frantcesko Verdi, Johan Zebastjan Bax)
    2. places (e.g. Tcomolungma, Tcile, Canghai).

Specification

Character inventory

All 52 characters of the "Lowercase Latin alphabet" and the "Uppercase Latin alphabet" as defined in "C0 Controls and Basic Latin" of Unicode.

Phoneme inventory

Consonant inventory

Consonant table
Bilabial Labio-
dental 		Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m   n      
Stop p b   t d     k g  
Fricative   f v s z /ʃ/ ‹c› /ʒ/ ‹q›   x h
Trill     r        
Approximant (w)   l   j (w)  
  • subcolumns: first is unvoiced, second is voiced;
  • cells: characters as in IPA; those that have a non-ASCII character are marked red

Vowel inventory

Vowel table
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e /ə/ ‹y› o
Open a
  • subcolumns: first is unrounded, second is rounded
  • cells: characters as in IPA; those that have a non-ASCII character are marked red

Character-phoneme mapping

An uppercase character represents the same phoneme as the corresponding lowercase character.

To have a bijective mapping only one set - uppercase or lowercase - has to be used.

Character-phoneme mapping table
System Characters
Phoneme (IPA) a b ʃ d e f g h i j k l m n o p ʒ r s t u v w x ə z
Interskript (lowercase) a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Interskript (uppercase) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Short notation

Since Interskript in regular form does not use diacritic signs the latter can be used to record vowels above consonants.

Letter Diacritic Unicode number Name of diacritic
a ◌̂ U+0302 COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
e ◌́ U+0301 COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
i ◌̇ U+0307 COMBINING DOT ABOVE
o ◌̊ U+030A COMBINING RING ABOVE
u ◌̌ U+030C COMBINING CARON
y ◌̀ U+0300 COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT

Transformation

Character set specific

System ISO 15924
(alphabetic)		 ISO 15924
(numeric)
IPA Latn 215 a b ʃ d e f g h i j k l m n o p ʒ r s t u v w x ə z
Interskript (uppercase) Latn 215 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z (0041--005A)
Interskript (lowercase) Latn 215 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z (0061--007A)
Interskript (uppercase) Cyrl 220 А Б Ш Д Е Ф Г Ъ И Й К Л М Н О П Ж Р С Т У В Ь Х Ы З (0410--042C) not to be used: Ц Ч Щ
Interskript (lowercase) Cyrl 220 а б ш д е ф г ъ и й к л м н о п ж р с т у в ь х ы з (0610--062C) not to be used: ц ч щ
Interskript (uppercase) Grek 200 Α Β - Δ Ε Φ Γ - Η Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ο Π - Ρ Σ Τ Υ - - Χ - Ζ
Interskript (lowercase) Grek 200 α β - δ ε φ γ - η ι κ λ μ ν ο π - ρ σ τ υ - - χ - ζ
Interskript Hebr 125 א בּ ש ד - פ ג ה - י כּ ל מ נ - פּ - ר ס תּ - ב ו כ - -
Interskript Shaw 281 a 𐑚 𐑖 𐑛 e 𐑓 𐑜 𐑣 i 𐑘 𐑒 𐑤 𐑥 𐑯 o 𐑐 𐑠 𐑮 𐑕 𐑑 u 𐑝 𐑢 𐑙 𐑩 𐑟 to do : a e i o u; ! 𐑙 is not ng
Interskript Hang 286 ㅏ ㅂ c ㄷ ㅓ f ㄱ ㅎ ㅣ - ㅋ ㄹ ㅁ ㄴ ㅗ ㅍ q - ㅅ ㅌ ㅜ - - - ㅡ ㅿ

Language specific

Color legend for transcription table
Color Character set Character pronunciation in IPA Character pronunciation in Interskript Character set of IPA charactor for the phoneme Phoneme
not "Basic Latin"
"Basic Latin" different different
  • "Basic Latin" or
  • not "Basic Latin"
  • "Basic Latin" and the IPA and Interskript pronunciation of the character(s) is used as a phoneme OR
  • not "Basic Latin" and the IPA and Interskript pronunciation of the character(s) is not used as a phoneme
"Basic Latin" different different not "Basic Latin" the IPA pronunciation of the character is not used as a phoneme, pronouncing as in IPA would distinguish it from all other used phonemes
"Basic Latin" different same not "Basic Latin" the IPA pronunciation of the character is not used as a phoneme, pronouncing as in IPA would distinguish it from all other used phonemes
none none none none none
"Basic Latin" same same "Basic Latin"
Transcription table
ISO 639-3 System Year Characters Interskript
characters
not used 		Interskript
phonems
not coded 		Affricate
or
A. approximation 		Other Comment
(mul) ILA/Interskript 2016 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z - - ts dz tc dq ks ng
(mul) IPA ~1908 a b ʃ d e f g h i j k l m n o p ʒ r s t u v w x ə z c,q - t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ks ŋ
(mul) IPA <1900 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p ? r s t u v w x ? z ? -
jbo Lojban 1997 a b c d e f g ' i - k l m n o p j r s t u v - x y z h,q,w j,w ks ? y = /ə/
rmv Romanova a b j d e f g - i (i) c l m n o p - r s t u v (u) - - - h,k,q,w,x,y,z h,(j),(w),x,y,z ts tj ks ?
lfn LFN 1998 a b x d e f g - i - c l m n o p j r s t u v - - - z k,q,w,y j,w,x,y ts tx ks ?
epo Esperanto 1887 a b ŝ d e f g h i j k l m n o p ĵ r s t u v ŭ ĥ - z q,w,x,y y c dz ĉ ĝ ks ng?nk
igs Interglossa 1943 a b sh d e f g h i,y j c,k,ch l m n o p - r s t u v w x - (x) - - ts,z tsh,c dq x,ks silent letters in several combinations (ct-, gn-, mn-, pn-, ps-, pt-)
nov Novial 1928 a b sh, (ch) d e f g h i y k,q,(c) l m n o p j r (s),(c) t u,(w) v,(w) (w) - - (s) w,y w,x,y,(z) ts - ch, tsh x qu = /kw, kv, ku/; w = /w, u, v/
neu Neo ? a b sh d e f g h i y k l m n o p - r s t u v w - - z - q,x,y c - ch j x q = /kw/
ido Ido 1907 a b - d e f g h i y k,q l m n o p j r s t u v w - - z - c,x,y c - x x = /ks, ɡz/
(mis) Toki Pona 2001 a - - - e - - - i j k l m n o p - - s t u - w - - - b,c,d,f,g,h,q,r,v,x,y,z b,c,d,f,g,h,q,r,v,x,y,z ts - - - ks
(mis) Uropi 1986 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p ʒ r s t u v w - - z q,x,y x,y ts dz tc dʒ ks
(mis) Pandunia ? a b x d e f g h i y k l m n o p - r s t u v - - - z q,w,x j,q,w,x,y ts dz c j ks -ng
(mis) Reformed Esperanto 1894 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p - r s t u v - - - - q,w,x,y q,w,x,y z - ks ng/nk
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