International Latin Alphabet 2015

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Rules

The Unified Latin Alphabet applies the following rules:

  1. Character inventory
    1. Use only characters from ISO 8859-1.
      1. prefer 65-90, (A-Z) and 97-122 (a-z), i.e. ISO 646
      2. from the others, prefer for vowels those that are present in several other ISO 8859 standards, i.e. characters with acute, grave, circumflex or diaeresis
  2. Character - sound correspondence
    1. a, e, i, o, u with or without diacritics represent vowels.
    2. j and w represent semivowels as in IPA
    3. the rest represent consonants
      1. In the ULA-base form all characters except for c = /ʃ/, q = /ç/ and y = /ʒ/ have the value as in IPA.

Unified Latin Alphabet sound representation compared

C, J, K, Q, X, Y in different alphabets
Alphabet /çjkqxʃʒ/ /ç/ /j/ /k/ /q/ /x/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /ts/ /dz/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ /ʃtʃ/ Comment
IPA ç j k q x ʃ ʒ ts dz ʃtʃ
ULA-1994 cjk-xqy c j k - x q y ts dz tq dy qtq differences to IPA minimized, c is graphically close to ç. Only larger difference is in /ʃ/ and /ʒ/.
ULA-2015 qjk-xcy q j k - x c y ts dz tc dy ctc better match with languages that need /q/ (compare Turkic variant)
ULA-2016 ? cjkq-xy c j k q - x y ts dz tx dy xtx
ULA-turkic -jkqxcy - j k q x c y ts dz tc dy ctc
ULA-uropi-y -jk--cy - j k - - c y tc dy ctc
English - y q/c/k - kh sh zh ch j shch
French - ? qu/c/k - - ch j ? ? ?
Spanish - ? qu/k/c j ? ? ch ? ?
German ch j k/ck - ch sch j/sch tsch dsch schtsch
Indonesian (EYD) - y k - kh sy ? ? ? c j ? ny=/ɲ/
Interlingua - - k/c/q - - - j - dj - x=/ks/, y=/i/
Esperanto - j k - hx sx jx c dz cx gx sxcx
LFN - - c - - x j ts dz tx dj xtx
Uropi - j k - - c ʒ tc ctc
Slovio - j k - (h) sx zx c dz cx gx wx
Ido - y k/q - - - j c x = /ks/, /ɡz/

Examples

Auxlang

See International Auxiliary Language alphabet

Slavic

  • /j/
    • Serbian, Croat, Czech: j, e.g. Jakovo
    • Bulgarian (official Romanization): y, e.g. Yakovo (bulg.: "unnecessary" divergence from IPA)
    • ULA: j
  • /ts/
    • Serbian, Croat, Czech: c, e.g. Gorica
    • Bulgarian (official Romanization): ts, e.g. Goritsa (bulg.: more logical, since t and s exist already)
    • ULA: ts

Turkic

May need review and further work.

IPA /ɑ/ /ɒ/ /æ/ /je/ /e/ /b/ /d͡ʒ/ /t͡ʃ/ /ʒ/ /d/ /d͡z/ /f/ /ɡ/ /ɣ/ /ʕ/ /h/ /ħ/ /x/ /ɯ/ /i/ /k/ /q/ /q/ /ɢ/ /l/ /ɫ/ /m/ /n/ /ɲ/ /ŋ/ /o/ /ø/ /p/ /r/ /s/ /θ/ /ʃ/ /t͡s/ /t/ /u/ /y/ /v/ /w/ /j/ /z/ /ð/
ULA-turk A - JE E B !DY !TC !Y D DZ F G /ɣ/ - H - X /ɯ/ I K - Q L - M N - !NG O P R S - !C TS T U V W J Z -
Uniform A Ă Ä Ë E B C Ç J D F G Ğ Ģ H X I İ K Ķ Q L M N Ņ Ñ O Ö P R S Š Ş Ț T U Ü V W Y Z Ž
Arabic

ا|أ

ع

ء

ء

ا|أ

ب

ج

چ

ژ

د

ڏ

ف

گ

ݝ

غ

ه

ح

خ

إ

إ

ك

ٯ

ق

ل

ڵ

م

ن

ڠ

ڭ

ۆ

ۆ

پ

ر

س

ث

ش

ڞ

ت

ٱ

ٱ

ۋ

و

ي

ز

ذ

Cyrillic А Ӑ Ә Є Е Б Җ Ч Ж Д Ӡ Ф Г Ғ Ӷ Һ Ҳ Х Ы И К Қ Ҡ Л Љ М Н Њ Ң О Ө П Р С Ҫ Ш Ц Т У Ү В Ў Й З Ҙ
Turkish A - - - E B C Ç J D - F G Ğ - H - - I İ K - - L - M N - - O Ö P R S - Ş - T U Ü V - Y Z -
Tatar A - Ä - E B C Ç J D - F G Ğ - H - X I İ K - Q L - M N - Ñ O Ö P R S - Ş - T U Ü V W Y Z -
Azeri A - Ə - E B C Ç J D - F G Ğ - H - X I İ K - Q L - M N - - O Ö P R S - Ş - T U Ü V - Y Z -
Turkmen A - Ä - E B J Ç Ž D - F G - - H - - Y I K - - L - M N - Ň O Ö P R - S Ş - T U Ü W - Ý - Z
Kazakh A - Ä E É B - Ç J D - F G Ğ - H - X I İ K - Q L - M N - Ñ O Ö P R S - Ş C T U Ü V W Y Z -
Uzbek A O A - E B - CH J D - F G - H - X - I K - Q L - M N - NG P R S - SH - T U - V - Y Z -
Uyghur A - E - Ë B J CH ZH D - F G GH - H - X - I K - Q L - M N - NG O Ö P R S - SH - T U Ü V - Y Z -
Bashkir A - Ә - E B - Ç J D - F G Ğ - H - X I İ K - Q L - M N - Ñ O Ö P R S C Ş - T U Ü V W Y Z Ź
Kumyk A - - - E B C Ç J D - F G Ğ - H - X I İ K - Q L - M N - Ñ O Ö P R S - Ş - T U Ü V W Y Z -
Gagauz A - Ä - E B C Ç J D - F G - - H - - I İ K - - L - M N - - O Ö P R S - Ş Ț T U Ü V - Y Z -
Karachay-Balkar A - Ä - E B C Ç J D - F G Ğ - H - - I İ K Ķ Q L - M N - Ñ O Ö P R S - Ş - T U Ü V W Y Z -
Crimean Tatar A - - - E B C Ç J D - F G Ğ - H - - I İ K - Q L - M N - Ñ O Ö P R S - Ş - T U Ü V - Y Z -
Salar A - - - E B C Ç J D - F G Ğ - H - X I İ K - Q L - M N - Ñ O Ö P R S - Ş - T U Ü V - Y Z -