International Latin Alphabet 2015

Rules

The Unified Latin Alphabet applies the following rules:

1. Character inventory
   1. Use only characters from ISO 8859-1.
      1. prefer 65-90, (A-Z) and 97-122 (a-z)
      2. from the others, prefer for vowels those that are present in several other ISO 8859 standards, e.g. acute, grave, circumflex or diaeresis
2. Sound correspondence. The characters
   1. a, e, i, o, u with or without diacritics are vowels.
   2. j and w are semivowels as in IPA
   3. the rest are consonants

In the ULA-base form all characters except for c, q and y have the value as in IPA.

Examples

Slavic

• /j/
  • Serbian, Croat, Czech: j, e.g. Jakovo
  • Bulgarian (official Romanization): y, e.g. Yakovo (bulg.: "unnecessary" divergence from IPA)
  • ULA: j
• /ts/
  • Serbian, Croat, Czech: c, e.g. Gorica
  • Bulgarian (official Romanization): ts, e.g. Goritsa (bulg.: more logical, since t and s exist already)
  • ULA: ts

Turkic

IPA	/ɑ/	/ɒ/	/æ/	/je/	/e/	/b/	/d͡ʒ/	/t͡ʃ/	/ʒ/	/d/	/d͡z/	/f/	/ɡ/	/ɣ/	/ʕ/	/h/	/ħ/	/x/	/ɯ/	/i/	/k/	/q/	/q/ /ɢ/	/l/	/ɫ/	/m/	/n/	/ɲ/	/ŋ/	/o/	/ø/	/p/	/r/	/s/	/θ/	/ʃ/	/t͡s/	/t/	/u/	/y/	/v/	/w/	/j/	/z/	/ð/
ULA-turk	A	-	!Ä	JE	E	B	!DY	!TC	!Y	D	DZ	F	G	/ɣ/	-	H	-	X	/ɯ/	I	K	-	Q	L	-	M	N	-	!NG	O	!Ö	P	R	S	-	!C	TS	T	U	!Ü	V	W	J	Z	-
Uniform	A	Ă	Ä	Ë	E	B	C	Ç	J	D	Ḑ	F	G	Ğ	Ģ	H	Ḩ	X	I	İ	K	Ķ	Q	L	Ḽ	M	N	Ņ	Ñ	O	Ö	P	R	S	Š	Ş	Ț	T	U	Ü	V	W	Y	Z	Ž
Arabic	ا|أ	ع	ء	ء	ا|أ	ب	ج	چ	ژ	د	ڏ	ف	گ	ݝ	غ	ه	ح	خ	إ	إ	ك	ٯ	ق	ل	ڵ	م	ن	ڠ	ڭ	ۆ	ۆ	پ	ر	س	ث	ش	ڞ	ت	ٱ	ٱ	ۋ	و	ي	ز	ذ
Cyrillic	А	Ӑ	Ә	Є	Е	Б	Җ	Ч	Ж	Д	Ӡ	Ф	Г	Ғ	Ӷ	Һ	Ҳ	Х	Ы	И	К	Қ	Ҡ	Л	Љ	М	Н	Њ	Ң	О	Ө	П	Р	С	Ҫ	Ш	Ц	Т	У	Ү	В	Ў	Й	З	Ҙ
Turkish	A	-	-	-	E	B	C	Ç	J	D	-	F	G	Ğ	-	H	-	-	I	İ	K	-	-	L	-	M	N	-	-	O	Ö	P	R	S	-	Ş	-	T	U	Ü	V	-	Y	Z	-
Tatar	A	-	Ä	-	E	B	C	Ç	J	D	-	F	G	Ğ	-	H	-	X	I	İ	K	-	Q	L	-	M	N	-	Ñ	O	Ö	P	R	S	-	Ş	-	T	U	Ü	V	W	Y	Z	-
Azeri	A	-	Ə	-	E	B	C	Ç	J	D	-	F	G	Ğ	-	H	-	X	I	İ	K	-	Q	L	-	M	N	-	-	O	Ö	P	R	S	-	Ş	-	T	U	Ü	V	-	Y	Z	-
Turkmen	A	-	Ä	-	E	B	J	Ç	Ž	D	-	F	G	-	-	H	-	-	Y	I	K	-	-	L	-	M	N	-	Ň	O	Ö	P	R	-	S	Ş	-	T	U	Ü	W	-	Ý	-	Z
Kazakh	A	-	Ä	E	É	B	-	Ç	J	D	-	F	G	Ğ	-	H	-	X	I	İ	K	-	Q	L	-	M	N	-	Ñ	O	Ö	P	R	S	-	Ş	C	T	U	Ü	V	W	Y	Z	-
Uzbek	A	O	A	-	E	B	-	CH	J	D	-	F	G	Gʻ	-	H	-	X	-	I	K	-	Q	L	-	M	N	-	NG	Oʻ	Oʻ	P	R	S	-	SH	-	T	U	-	V	-	Y	Z	-
Uyghur	A	-	E	-	Ë	B	J	CH	ZH	D	-	F	G	GH	-	H	-	X	-	I	K	-	Q	L	-	M	N	-	NG	O	Ö	P	R	S	-	SH	-	T	U	Ü	V	-	Y	Z	-
Bashkir	A	-	Ә	-	E	B	-	Ç	J	D	-	F	G	Ğ	-	H	-	X	I	İ	K	-	Q	L	-	M	N	-	Ñ	O	Ö	P	R	S	C	Ş	-	T	U	Ü	V	W	Y	Z	Ź
Kumyk	A	-	-	-	E	B	C	Ç	J	D	-	F	G	Ğ	-	H	-	X	I	İ	K	-	Q	L	-	M	N	-	Ñ	O	Ö	P	R	S	-	Ş	-	T	U	Ü	V	W	Y	Z	-
Gagauz	A	-	Ä	-	E	B	C	Ç	J	D	-	F	G	-	-	H	-	-	I	İ	K	-	-	L	-	M	N	-	-	O	Ö	P	R	S	-	Ş	Ț	T	U	Ü	V	-	Y	Z	-
Karachay-Balkar	A	-	Ä	-	E	B	C	Ç	J	D	-	F	G	Ğ	-	H	-	-	I	İ	K	Ķ	Q	L	-	M	N	-	Ñ	O	Ö	P	R	S	-	Ş	-	T	U	Ü	V	W	Y	Z	-
Crimean Tatar	A	-	-	-	E	B	C	Ç	J	D	-	F	G	Ğ	-	H	-	-	I	İ	K	-	Q	L	-	M	N	-	Ñ	O	Ö	P	R	S	-	Ş	-	T	U	Ü	V	-	Y	Z	-
Salar	A	-	-	-	E	B	C	Ç	J	D	-	F	G	Ğ	-	H	-	X	I	İ	K	-	Q	L	-	M	N	-	Ñ	O	Ö	P	R	S	-	Ş	-	T	U	Ü	V	-	Y	Z	-