Speech sound

IPA

• http://www.langsci.ucl.ac.uk/ipa/IPA_chart_(C)2005.pdf

Links

• Venn
  • English http://allthingslinguistic.com/post/33605639325/phonological-natural-classes-and-set-theory
• Other
  • http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test2materials/articulatory_phonetics.htm
• Sonority
  • http://allthingslinguistic.com/post/68721010548/detailed-explanation-sonorants-obstruents-sonority

Airstream

• direction
  • egressive
  • ingressive
• initiation
  • pulmonic
  • glottalic
  • lingual (velaric)

	egressive	ingressive
pulmonic	pulmonic egressive	pulmonic ingressive
glottalic	glottalic egressive	glottalic ingressive
lingual	lingual egressive	lingual ingressive

Manner

• continuant (incomplete closure of the oral vocal tract)
  • subclasses
    • fricative
    • approximant ("frictionless continuant")
      • subclasses
        • vowel
• sonorant (continuous, non-turbulent airflow in the vocal tract)
  • contrast: obstruent
  • subclasses
    • approximant
      • subclasses
        • vowel
    • nasal
  • Note: does not contain fricative
• obstruent (obstructing airflow, causing a strong gradient of air pressure in the vocal tract)
  • subclasses
    • stop ("plosive")
    • fricative
• occlusive (blocking (occluding) airflow in the vocal tract, but not necessarily in the nasal tract)
  • oral occlusive (often voiceless, e.g.: /p/, /t/, /k/)
  • nasal occlusive (often voiced, e.g.: /m/ /n/)

Vowels

• Height
  • close
  • mid
  • open
• Backeness
  • front
  • central
  • back
• Roundedness
  • round
  • unround